Perceptions of heterosexual men on HIV-related stigma in HIV testing and ART services in Blantyre district
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Date
2020-12-01
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Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
Abstract
Across the world, the global pandemic of HIV/AIDS has shown its capability of triggering responses of compassion, solidarity and support bringing out the best in people, their families and communities. However, the disease is also associated with stigma. Stigma comprises negative attitudes and beliefs about people living with HIV; it is the prejudice that comes with labelling an individual as part of a group that is believed to be socially unacceptable. Stigma against those infected with HIV profoundly shapes the lives of people living with the disease. It leads to discrediting and discrimination against individuals who are HIV infected. HIV-related stigma remains one of the greatest barriers to the health and well -being of people living with HIV (PLHIV). While literature portrays women as mainly vulnerable to HIV infection, contrary heterosexual men are perceived as active transmitters of HIV but not active agents in prevention. Men are less likely to test for HIV compared with women in sub-Saharan African countries, and ultimately have delayed entry to HIV care. This thesis explores the perceptions of heterosexual men on HIV related stigma in HIV testing and ART services. This was an exploratory qualitative study employing a secondary data analysis which was done from the study titled ―Strategies for Early Access to HIV Services by Heterosexual Men in Blantyre, Malawi Version 5.0, dated 8th April 2019.‖ COMREC number P/06/18/2430. The main study aimed at assessing strategies for early access to HIV services among heterosexual men in Blantyre, Malawi. This study established that HIV-related stigma may come in form of name-calling, sidelining, gossiping, and is displayed in the delivery of services. The factors that facilitate the occurrence of stigma include the agent who can be the individual who may self-stigmatize, family members, work colleagues and community members, health care system and the environment. HIV related stigma exists and hinders heterosexual men from accessing HIV testing and ART services which may lead to poor HIV testing and ART services. A complete integration of HIV services into the health systems without designated spaces and days, respect to privacy and no labelling of HIV testing and ART rooms are integral mitigation factors that can minimize HIV-related stigma.